I've just converted my VB.NET class to C# to detect mime types. They will be identified by a mix of sniffing the first 256 Bytes of a file(urlmon.dll - f.e. used by. In the first source code part of 'Points of Interest' it is shown, that the data of the zipped XML-file (which in fact is an xlsx-file) is read via 'using' and 'File. Version; c++ objective c java c#; version used C++11 gcc 4.8 clang 3.5: gcc 4.2: java 1.7: mono 2.10 (C# 4.0) show version $ g++ --version $ gcc --version $ javac. Here, the file to download is specified as part of the URI that in turn is used to create the FtpWebRequest object. To 'GET' the file requested, get the. Exploring the fastest way to read structures from a binary file in C#.; Author: Anthony Baraff; Updated:; Section: Files and Folders; Chapter: Desktop. MSDN Magazine Issues and Downloads. Read the magazine online, download a formatted digital version of each issue, or grab sample code and apps. 1.1 Introduction. SWIG (Simplified Wrapper and Interface Generator) is a software development tool for building scripting language interfaces to C and C++ programs. This C# Program Converts Decimal to Binary. Here the number in decimal form is obtained and is it repeatedly divided by 2 and its binary form is obtained. C# Program to Convert Decimal to Binary. This C# Program Converts Decimal to Binary. Here the number in decimal form is obtained and is it repeatedly divided by 2 and its binary form is obtained. Here is source code of the C# Program to Convert Decimal to Binary. The C# program is successfully compiled and executed with Microsoft Visual Studio. The program output is also shown below. C# Program to Convert Decimal to Binary */using. System; class myclass{staticvoid Main(){int num; Console. Write("Enter a Number : "); num =int. Parse(Console. Read. Line()); int quot; string rem =""; while(num > =1){ quot = num /2; rem +=(num %2). To. String(); num = quot; }string bin =""; for(int i = rem. Length- 1; i > =0; i- -){ bin = bin + rem[i]; } Console. Write. Line("The Binary format for given number is {0}", bin); Console. Read(); }}Here is the output of the C# Program: Enter the Number : 3. Binary Format for the Given Number is : 1. Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – 1. Fast Binary File Reading with C#Exploring the fastest way to read structures from a binary file in C#. Introduction. I’ve been working on a time- series analysis project where the data are stored as structures in massive binary files. Importing the files into a database would cause a performance hit with no value added, so dealing with the files in their original binary format is the best option. My initial assumption was that throughput would be limited by disk speed, but I found that my first implementation resulted in 1. CPU utilization on my research box. It was obviously time to optimize. While there is a wealth of information available on the innumerable ways of reading files with C#, there is virtually no discussion about the performance implications of various design decisions. Hopefully, this article will allow the reader to improve the performance of binary file reading in their application and will shed some light on some of the undocumented performance traps hidden in the System. IO classes. Is there Data? It may seem silly to have a section on checking for the end of a file (EOF), but there are a plethora of methods employed by programmers, and improperly checking for the EOF can absolutely cripple performance and introduce mysterious errors and exceptions to your application. Binary. Reader. Peek. Char Method. If you are using this method in any application, god save you. Based on its frequent appearance in . NET newsgroups, this method is widely used, but I’m not sure why it even exists. According to Microsoft, the Binary. Reader. Peek. Char method “Returns the next available character and does not advance the byte or character position.” The return value is an int containing “The next available character, or - 1 if no more characters are available or the stream does not support seeking.” Gee, that sounds awfully useful in determining if we’re at the end of the stream. The Binary. Reader class is used for reading binary files which are broken into bytes not chars, so why peek at the next char rather than byte? I could understand if there was an issue implementing a common interface, but the Text. Reader derived classes just use Peek. Why doesn’t the Binary. Reader include a plain old Peek method that returns the next byte as an int? By now, you’re probably wondering why I’m ranting so much about this. Who cares? So, you get the next byte for free? Well, something entirely unnatural happens somewhere in the bowels of this method that periodically results in a “Conversion Buffer Overflow” exception. As the result of some dark voodoo process, certain two byte combinations in your binary file can not be converted into an appropriate return value by the method. I have no idea why certain byte combinations have been deigned toxic to Peek. Char, but prepare for freaky results if you use it. Stream. Position > = Stream. Length. This test is pretty straightforward. If your current position is greater than or equal to the length of the stream, you’re going to be pretty hard- pressed to read any additional data. As it turns out, this statement is a massive performance bottleneck. After finishing the initial build of my application, it was time for some optimization. I downloaded the ANTS Profiler Demo from Red Gate Software, and was shocked to find that over half the execution time of my program was being spent in the EOF method of my data reader. Without the profiler results, I never would have imagined that this innocuous looking line of code was cutting the performance of my application into half. After all, I opened the File. Stream using the File. Share. Read option, so there was no danger of the file’s length changing, but it appears as though the position and file length are not cached by the class, so every call to Position or Length results in another file system query. In my benchmarking, I’ve found that calling both Position and Length takes twice as long as calling one or the other._position > = _length (Cache it yourself)It’s sad, but true. This is the fastest method by a long shot. Get the length of your File. Stream once when you open it, and don’t forget to advance your position counter every time you read. Maybe Microsoft will fix this performance trap someday, but until then, don’t forget to cache the file length and position yourself! Read It! Now that we know there’s data, we have to read it into our data structures. I’ve included three different approaches, with varying merits. I did not include the unsafe approach of casting a byte array of freshly read data into a structure because I prefer to avoid unsafe code if at all possible. File. Stream. Read with Ptr. To. Structure. Logically, I assumed that the fastest way to read in a structure would be the functional equivalent of C++’s basic_istream: :read method. There are plenty of articles and newsgroup posts about using the Marshal class in order to torture raw bits into a struct. The cleanest implementation I’ve found is this: publicstatic Test. Struct From. File. Stream(File. Stream fs). Marshal. Size. Of(typeof(Test. Struct))]. int amt = 0. Length). amt += fs. Read(buff, amt, buff. Length- amt); GCHandle handle = GCHandle. Alloc(buff, GCHandle. Type. Pinned). Test. Struct s =. (Test. Struct)Marshal. Ptr. To. Structure(handle. Addr. Of. Pinned. Object(). typeof(Test. Struct)). handle. Free(); return s. Binary. Reader. Read. Bytes with Ptr. To. Structure. This approach is functionally almost identical to the File. Stream. Read approach, but I provided it as a more apples- to- apples comparison to the other Binary. Reader approach. The code is as follows: publicstatic Test. Struct From. Binary. Reader. Block(Binary. Reader br). byte[] buff = br. Read. Bytes(Marshal. Size. Of(typeof(Test. Struct))). GCHandle handle = GCHandle. Alloc(buff, GCHandle. Type. Pinned). Test. Struct s =. (Test. Struct)Marshal. Ptr. To. Structure(handle. Addr. Of. Pinned. Object(). typeof(Test. Struct)). handle. Free(); return s. Binary. Reader with individual Read calls for structure fields. I assumed that this would be the slowest method for filling my data structures - -it was certainly the least sexy approach. Here’s the relevant sample code: publicstatic Test. Struct From. Binary. Reader. Field(Binary. Reader br). Test. Struct s = new Test. Struct(); s. long. Field = br. Read. Int. 64(); s. byte. Field = br. Read. Byte(); s. byte. Array. Field = br. Read. Bytes(1. 6); s. Field = br. Read. Single(); return s. Results. As I’ve already foreshadowed, my assumptions about the performance of various read techniques was entirely wrong for my data structures. Using the Binary. Reader to populate the individual fields of my structures was more than twice as fast as the other methods. These results are highly sensitive to the number of fields in your structure. If you are concerned about performance, I recommend testing both approaches. I found that, at about 4. Using the Test App. I’ve thrown together a quick benchmarking application with simplified reading classes to demonstrate the techniques outlined so far. It has facilities to generate sample data and benchmark the three reading approaches with dynamic and cached EOF sensing. Generating Test Data. By default, test data is created in the same directory as the executable with the filename “sampledata. The number of records to be created can be varied. Ten million records will take up a little bit more than 2. MB, so make sure you have enough disk space to accommodate the data. The ‘Randomize Output’ checkbox determines whether each record will be created using random data to thwart NTFS’s disk compression. Click the ‘Generate Data’ button to build the file. Benchmarking. Benchmarking results are more reliable when averaged over many trials. Adjust the number of trials for each test scenario using the ‘Test Count’ box. Update Frequency’ can be used to adjust how frequently the status bar will inform you of progress. Designate an update frequency greater than the number of records to avoid including status bar updates in your benchmark results. The ‘Drop Best and Worst Trials from Average’ check box will omit the longest and shortest trial from the average entry - -they will still be listed in the ‘Results’ List. View. Select the readers to be tested using the checkboxes –‘Binary. Reader Block’ corresponds to the Ptr. To. Structure approach. Select the ‘EOF detection’ methods to test - -'Dynamic’ uses Length and Position properties each time EOF is called. Click ‘Run Tests’ to generate results. Miscellaneous Findings. Struct. Layout. Attribute. If you’re working with reading pre- defined binary files, you will become very familiar with the Struct. Layout. Attribute. This attribute allows you to tell the compiler specifically how to layout a struct in memory using the Layout. Kind and Pack parameters. Marshaling a byte array into a structure where the memory layout differs from its layout on disk will result in corrupted data. Make sure they match. Warning! Depending on the way a structure is saved, you may need to read and discard empty packing bytes between reading fields when using the Binary. Reader. Marshal. As. Attribute. Be sure to use the Marshal. As. Attribute for all fixed width arrays in your structure. Structures with variable length arrays cannot be marshaled to or from pointers. Writing Data. Writing binary data can be accomplished in the same ways as reading. I imagine that the performance considerations are very similar as well. So, writing out the fields of a structure using the Binary. Writer is probably optimal for small structures. Larger structures can be marshaled into byte arrays using this pattern: publicbyte[] To. Byte. Array(). byte[] buff = newbyte[Marshal. Size. Of(typeof(Test. Struct))]; GCHandle handle = GCHandle. Alloc(buff, GCHandle. Type. Pinned); Marshal. Structure. To. Ptr(this, handle. Addr. Of. Pinned. Object(), false). Free(). }Marshal. Size. Of. Even small changes to a method can yield significant boost to performance when the method is called millions or billions of times during the execution of a program.
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